This article is an application of mathematics in finance, whose approach is different from the usual methods of writing articles in humanities. In other words، this research article can be considered as a fundamental study based on mathematics for clearer and safer disclosure of information in capital markets. In this paper, we will challenge the informational inefficiencies existing in total return indexes currently being used, while suggesting a substituting Formula. In the end, we study the relationships between the returns of the currently being used Formulas on one hand، and the return of the suggested total return index on the other hand.

Introduction: Enteral nutrition (EN) is crucial for patients that cannot feed orally. Different mixtures have been used for EN and several advantages and limitations have been mentioned for each. Home-made, hospital blenderized liquids have long been used in clinical setting. Hospital prepared Formulas (HPF) are still preferred in Iran. There is no standard method for preparing these feedings. The purpose of this study was to analyze the nutritional quality and viscosity of standard hospital prepared Formula in Kamyab hospital.Methods: This was a descriptive study which analyzed macronutrients, osmolality and viscosity of standard hospital prepared Formula samples based on exchange list. To compare mean values and standard deviation one sample t test was used.Result: Caloric density of samples ranged from 77-96 kcal/100 g and the percentages of total weight for carbohydrate were 10.7, 11.3, and 6.5; for Protein and fat were 4.1 and 3.8 g/100 ml. The average variability of the viscosity was 35-110 centipoise, and osmolality ranged from 145-345 mosm/kg.Conclusion: The results showed that exchange list was reliable. This standard Formula had an acceptable level of macronutrient and if it prepared like the recipe, it would supply energy requirement of patients.

Let R be a commutative ring with non-zero identity and M be a unitary R-module. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of radical and E-radical (envelope) of L-submodules and investigate their properties. Additionally, we define L-radical Formula and demonstrate that, under specefic conditions, the L-radical Formula can be derived using the concept of the envelope of an L-submodule.

The study aimed at identifying the basic and non-basic employment activities of rural women in major economically active sectors of rural districts of Iran and their spatial distribution in the country. The statistical population included 394 counties. Required data were extracted from the 2011 General Population and Housing Census. The basic sources of active human workforce were determined by using Formula if Location Quotient (FLQ) spatial cluster Analysis. The results indicated that in the agricultural sector، northern، central and north-east areas were considered as basic areas for the employment of rural women; and some parts Qom، Lorestan، Ilam، Kermanshah، Khuzestan، Yazd، Kerman، South Khorasan were Known as urban labor force exporting areas; in addition، the industry in north-west، central and north-east areas were found to be the base areas for the employment of rural women، and the north and north-east areas were considered as the basic areas for the employment of urban women; in the services sector، the employment of women in rural base areas was observed in the north and north-west of the country while the northern areas were found to be the basic areas for the employment of urban women.

Purpose: The flourishing of political parties and currents is one of the signs of the degree of development in societies. In contemporary Iran and since the formation of the constitutional movement, political currents have gone through many ups and downs and it can be said that political currents in Iran after the Islamic Revolution have not yet reached the stage of institutionalization and stability. A characteristic feature of political currents in Iran is the divergence and division among political currents in recent decades, and this can be one of the reasons for the instability and cross-sectional and seasonal activity of political parties in Iran. Therefore, the necessity of leading research seeks to answer the question of how factors and divergence among political currents in Iran after the victory of the Islamic Revolution can be analyzed? And what are the scenarios for the advancement of political currents in Iran?Method: To answer this question, the method of causal-layer Analysis, which is one of the qualitative methods in futures research, has been used.Findings: The research findings indicate that this divergence is due to a wide range of reasons from the level of causal systems (from the institutionalization of power to the formation of parties as elitist initiatives), worldview and discourse (from charismatic political authority to culture). Subsidiary-follower politics to myth-metaphor (Iranian individualism to belief in a strong state-weak society) can be analyzed.Conclusions: Three scenarios for the future of Iranian political currents can be considered: integration of currents as the security valve of the political system, the collapse of political currents in the traditional form, integration and consolidation in new social movements (virtualized parties).